Spine Stress-Fracture, Neck or Back

A hairline fracture of the spine in the neck or back (cervical, thoracic or lumbar spine) that develops after repeated stress. A stress fracture is sometimes called a fatigue fracture. X-ray changes may not appear clearly for several weeks after pain begins. The X-ray appearance may be similar to a bone tumor.

Body Parts Involved

• Any segment of the spinal column in the neck or back.
• Any joint connecting segments of the spinal column.
• Soft tissue surrounding the fracture site, including muscles, nerves, tendons, ligaments, periosteum (covering to bone), blood vessels and connective tissue.

Causes

Direct or indirect stress to the bone. Indirect stress may be caused by twisting or violent muscle contraction.

Signs & Symptoms

• Severe pain in the neck or back following injury.
• Swelling and bruising of soft tissue around the fracture.
• Tenderness to the touch.
• Warmth over the fracture site.
• Numbness beyond the fracture site (sometimes).

Treatment

Note:- Follow your doctor's instructions. These instructions are supplemental.

First Aid

None. This fracture develops gradually and does not require setting. The fractured bone is not displaced.

Continuing Care

• Immobilization will be necessary, usually with a cast or corset.
• After cast removal, use frequent ice massage. Fill a large Styrofoam cup with water and freeze. Tear a small amount of foam from the top so ice protrudes. Massage firmly over the injured area in a circle about the size of a softball. Do this for 15 minutes at a time, 3 or 4 times a day.
• Apply heat instead of ice, if it feels better. Use heat lamps, hot soaks, hot showers, heating pads, or heat liniments and ointments.
• Take whirlpool treatments, if available.
• Massage gently and often to provide comfort and decrease swelling.

Medication

Your doctor may prescribe:

• Narcotic or synthetic narcotic pain relievers for severe pain.
• Stool softeners to prevent constipation due to inactivity.
• Acetaminophen (available without prescription) for mild pain after initial treatment.

Home Diet

During recovery, eat a well-balanced diet that includes extra protein, such as meat, fish, poultry, cheese, milk and eggs. Increase fiber and fluid intake to prevent constipation that may result from decreased activity.

Diagnostic Measures

• Your own observation of symptoms.
• Medical history and physical exam by a doctor.
• X-rays of the neck and back.

Prevention Tips

• Build your strength with a good conditioning program before beginning regular athletic practice or competition. Increased muscle mass helps protect bones and underlying tissue.
• Ensure an adequate calcium intake (1000mg to 1500mg a day) with milk and milk products or calcium supplements.