Spleen Rupture

Injury to the spleen, causing it to rupture. Bleeding of a ruptured spleen can be fatal. The spleen is vulnerable to injury, particularly if it is enlarged due to any underlying disorder (infectious mononucleosis is the most common). Spleen injuries are infrequent in athletes but, when they do occur, they can be disastrous.

Body Parts Involved

• Spleen.
• Muscles of the abdominal wall.
• Peritoneum (membranous covering to the intestines).
• Ribs (sometimes) if fractured at the same time the spleen is injured.

Causes

Direct injury to the left upper abdomen or left side of the chest.

Signs & Symptoms

• Recent injury to the abdomen or flank.
• Rib fracture on the left side.
• Vomiting.
• Abdominal pain and tenderness.
• Pain in the left shoulder or left side of the neck.
• Rapid heart rate.
• Low blood pressure.
• Other signs of shock: pale, moist and sweaty skin; anxiety with feelings of impending doom; shortness of breath and rapid breathing; disorientation and confusion.

Treatment

Note:- Follow your doctor's instructions. These instructions are supplemental.

First Aid

Cover the victim with a blanket to hock, and take to the nearest emergency facility. Do not give water, food or pain relievers.

Continuing Care

No specific instructions except those under other headings. If surgery is required, your surgeon will supply postoperative instructions.

Medication

• Do not give pain relievers at the time of injury. They may mask symptoms.
• After surgery, your doctor may prescribe:

Pain relievers. Don't take prescription pain medication longer than 4 to 7 days. Use only as much as you need.

Antibiotics to fight infection. Pneumonia vaccinations.

Stool softeners to prevent constipation.

Non-prescription drugs such as acetaminophen for minor pain.

Home Diet

• No food or water before surgery.
• Drink a clear liquid diet until the gastrointestinal tract functions again. Then eat a well-balanced diet that includes extra protein, such as meat, fish, poultry, cheese, milk and eggs. Increase fiber and fluid intake to prevent constipation that may result from decreased activity.

Diagnostic Measures

Before surgery:

• Blood and urine studies.
• X-rays of the abdomen and chest.

After surgery:

• Examination of all removed tissue.
• Additional blood studies.

Prevention Tips

Avoid cause and risk factors when possible. Don't return to athletic activities until a spleen enlarged by disease has returned to normal.